Primary Sources
"Attack on Pearl Harbor." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. March 2014.
I found two photographs on this website. I used these on my "Effects of Pearl Harbor" page.
I found two photographs on this website. I used these on my "Effects of Pearl Harbor" page.
Burton, Jeffery F., Mary M. Farrell, Florence B. Lord, and Richard W. Lord. Confinement and Ethnicity. Tucson, AZ: Western Archaeological and Conservation Center, 1999. on-line book. Web. January 2014.
From this source, I found a photograph of Tanforan Assembly Center which I used on my "Tanforan Assembly Center" page.
From this source, I found a photograph of Tanforan Assembly Center which I used on my "Tanforan Assembly Center" page.
Clark, Tom. "Beyond the Pale." Tom Clark. N.p. October 30, 2011. Web. March 2014.
From this website, I got a photograph of a sign saying "I am an American" which I used on the "Rights and Responsibilities" page.
From this website, I got a photograph of a sign saying "I am an American" which I used on the "Rights and Responsibilities" page.
Greg. "DIY Pre-School & Playground, Topaz Internment Camp, Delta, Utah." daddytypes.com. Movable Type Pro. January 9, 2009. Web. March 2014.
I got a photograph of a school at Topaz from this website which I used on my "Topaz-Camp Life" page.
I got a photograph of a school at Topaz from this website which I used on my "Topaz-Camp Life" page.
Hayashi, Fumi. Interview by J., Woody and Howard Levin. The Urban School of San Francisco: February 9, 2006. Web.
This was an interview of a woman who went to Topaz Relocation Center and Tanforan Assembly Center. I used it for a lot of information on both Topaz and life for Japanese-Americans before Pearl Harbor. I also put a clip of it on my "Topaz" page.
This was an interview of a woman who went to Topaz Relocation Center and Tanforan Assembly Center. I used it for a lot of information on both Topaz and life for Japanese-Americans before Pearl Harbor. I also put a clip of it on my "Topaz" page.
Herbert, Oliver. "Tanforan- Once a Japanese Internment Camp Now an Asian Inspired Shopping Mall" Plaza. N.p., n.d. Web. January 2014.
I used this source for a photograph of barracks at Tanforan which I put on the "Tanforan Assembly Center" page.
I used this source for a photograph of barracks at Tanforan which I put on the "Tanforan Assembly Center" page.
"Japanese Internment Camps War Relocation Authority Photos." Public Intelligence. N.p. January 11, 2012. Web. March 2014.
On this website, I found a photograph of typical barracks at Topaz, taken by Tom Parker, which I put on my "Topaz- Camp Life" page under Camp Conditions.
On this website, I found a photograph of typical barracks at Topaz, taken by Tom Parker, which I put on my "Topaz- Camp Life" page under Camp Conditions.
Kawaguchi, Masaru. Interview by S., Brett, Marshall H., and Robbie D. The Urban School of San Francisco: April 27, 2005. Web.
This was an interview of a man who had gone to Topaz and to Tanforan. I got some first-hand information on both from this interview.
This was an interview of a man who had gone to Topaz and to Tanforan. I got some first-hand information on both from this interview.
Moore, Don. "A Marine at Guadalcanal." War Tales. N.p., November 20, 2013. Web. January 2014.
On this website, I found a photograph of an anti-Japanese sign which I used on my "Anti-Japanese History" page.
On this website, I found a photograph of an anti-Japanese sign which I used on my "Anti-Japanese History" page.
Neiwert, David. "Eliminationism in America: VIII." Orcinus. N.p., January 23, 2007. Web. March 2014.
On this website, I found two photographs of anti-Japanese signs which I used on my "Anti-Japanese History" page.
On this website, I found two photographs of anti-Japanese signs which I used on my "Anti-Japanese History" page.
"Series 4: Central Utah Relocation Center (Topaz, UT)." Online Archive of California. N.p., n.d. Web. March 2014.
I found five photographs on this website, all of Topaz or about Topaz from this source.
I found five photographs on this website, all of Topaz or about Topaz from this source.
- Mace, Charles E. First Japanese-American family leaves Central Utah Relocation Center for California. 1945. War Relocation Authority Photographs of Japanese-American Evacuation and Resettlement. Online Archive of California. Web. March 2014. This was a photograph of a family leaving Topaz. I used it on my "Set Free at Last" page.
- Stewart, Francis. A panorama view of the Central Utah Relocation Center, taken from the water tower. 1943. War Relocation Authority Photographs of Japanese-American Evacuation and Resettlement. Online Archive of California. Web. March 2014. This photograph was a panoramic view of Topaz which I used on the "Topaz- Camp Life" page.
- Stewart, Francis. A Boy Scout band in full regalia. 1943. War Relocation Authority Photographs of Japanese-American Evacuation and Resettlement. Online Archive of California. Web. March 2014. I used this photograph of a Boy Scout band on my "Topaz- Camp Life" page.
- Parker, Tom. A warm sunny afternoon at the Topaz Relocation Center. 1942. War Relocation Authority Photographs of Japanese-American Evacuation and Resettlement. Online Archive of California. Web. March 2014. This photograph was of boys playing football at Topaz. I used it on my "Topaz- Camp Life" page under Community Activies.
- Stewart, Francis. Yonezo Suzuki, 539 West Second, South, owner and operator of the Topaz Barber Shop. 1943. War Relocation Authority Photographs of Japanese-American Evacuation and Resettlement. Online Archive of California. Web. March 2014. I used this image of a Topaz barber shop on my "Topaz- Camp Life" page.
Suramek, Mae. "Art For Social Change." Plain Jane Activism. N.p. July 28, 2013. Web. March 2014.
I found a photograph which I used on my "Rights and Responsibilities" page on this source. It was the photograph of the young Japanese-American girl sitting with several suitcases.
I found a photograph which I used on my "Rights and Responsibilities" page on this source. It was the photograph of the young Japanese-American girl sitting with several suitcases.
Takei, George. Interview by Peter Hyoguchi. Interviewing Hollywood: August 14, 2007. Television.
This was an interview of actor George Takei on his experience in an internment camp. I put a clip of this interview on my home page.
This was an interview of actor George Takei on his experience in an internment camp. I put a clip of this interview on my home page.
Uchida, Yoshika. The Invisible Thread. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Silver Burdett Press, 1991. Print.
I got two quotes from this book which I used on my "Topaz- Camp Life" page.
This book is a memoir of an internment victim of Topaz, so it was very helpful because I knew all the information came straight from a memory. It told the story of before Pearl Harbor, the Assembly Centers, Topaz, and after internment.
I got two quotes from this book which I used on my "Topaz- Camp Life" page.
This book is a memoir of an internment victim of Topaz, so it was very helpful because I knew all the information came straight from a memory. It told the story of before Pearl Harbor, the Assembly Centers, Topaz, and after internment.
Primary Embedded in Secondary Sources
The Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Personal Justice Denied. Wahington D.C: N.p., 1982. on-line book. Web. March 2014.
The only information I used from this source was from Civilian Exclusion Order No. 27, which is a primary source. That document gave me a lot of information on what exactly Japanese-Americans had to do after Pearl Harbor.
The only information I used from this source was from Civilian Exclusion Order No. 27, which is a primary source. That document gave me a lot of information on what exactly Japanese-Americans had to do after Pearl Harbor.
Hansen, Gladys. "Final Report". Virtual Museum of San Francisco. N.p., n.d. Web. May 2014.
The information I found on this source was the final report from the Commanding General on the evacuation of Japanese Americans from the West Coast. It gave me a lot of information about why Executive Order 9066 was signed.
The information I found on this source was the final report from the Commanding General on the evacuation of Japanese Americans from the West Coast. It gave me a lot of information about why Executive Order 9066 was signed.
Nelson, Cary. "Executive Order No. 9066". Modern American Poetry. N.p., n.d. Web. March 2014
The only information I used from this website was from Executive Order 9066 which is a primary source. That was very helpful because I didn't know much about it, when it was written or who signed it, until I read this.
The only information I used from this website was from Executive Order 9066 which is a primary source. That was very helpful because I didn't know much about it, when it was written or who signed it, until I read this.
Secondary Sources
Beck, Jane. "Topaz Relocation Center." Utah History to Go. N.p., n.d. Web. January-March 2014.
I used a photograph I found on this website of the barracks at Topaz, using this as a primary source.
I also used this as a secondary source. This website was extremely useful because it is very focused on the Topaz Relocation Center. It gave me a lot of information on the conditions of the camp. Specifically, it had a lot of numerical statistics which I found very helpful.
I used a photograph I found on this website of the barracks at Topaz, using this as a primary source.
I also used this as a secondary source. This website was extremely useful because it is very focused on the Topaz Relocation Center. It gave me a lot of information on the conditions of the camp. Specifically, it had a lot of numerical statistics which I found very helpful.
Benson, Sonia, Daniel E. Brannen Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. "Japanese Internment Camps." Encyclopedia of U.S. History. 2009. Print.
This article had a lot of basic information on all the internment camps which was very helpful. It also had some useful information on what reparations the government made later.
This article had a lot of basic information on all the internment camps which was very helpful. It also had some useful information on what reparations the government made later.
"Internment." A More Perfect Union. Rockefeller Foundation, AT&T Foundation, Smithsonian Institution Asian Pacific American Program, Smithsonian Institution, and Second Story Interactive Studios, n.d. Web. October 2013-March 2014.
I got four photographs from this website as primary sources. I used one on my "Topaz- Camp Life" page, one on my "Free at Last" page, one on my home page, and one on my "Anti-Japanese History" page.
I also got a lot of general information about life in the internment camps, using this as a secondary source as well.
I got four photographs from this website as primary sources. I used one on my "Topaz- Camp Life" page, one on my "Free at Last" page, one on my home page, and one on my "Anti-Japanese History" page.
I also got a lot of general information about life in the internment camps, using this as a secondary source as well.
"Internment Quotes." BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. March 2014.
I got a quote about Executive Order 9066 which I used on my "Effects of Pearl Harbor" page from this source.
I got a quote about Executive Order 9066 which I used on my "Effects of Pearl Harbor" page from this source.
"Japanese-American Internment Camps." Darkchilde. N.p., n.d. Web. January-March 2014.
I used information from a picture of a records table which I found on this website. That was a primary source.
I also used this as a secondary source for information. This website was very useful for information because it had specifics on life just at Topaz.
I used information from a picture of a records table which I found on this website. That was a primary source.
I also used this as a secondary source for information. This website was very useful for information because it had specifics on life just at Topaz.
Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014.
I found all of my definitions from this website.
I found all of my definitions from this website.
Nilya, Brian. "Civilian Exclusion Orders." Densho Encyclopedia. 2014. Web. March 2014.
I used this website for some extra information on the Civilian Exclusion Orders issued by J.L. DeWitt. It also had a picture of the first section of one.
I used this website for some extra information on the Civilian Exclusion Orders issued by J.L. DeWitt. It also had a picture of the first section of one.
Pendergast, Tom and Sara. "Civil Liberties Challenged By War." American Decades, 1940-1949. Farmington Hills, MI: The Gale Group, 2003. Print. American Decades.
I found some good though basic information from this source on Japanese-American internment.
I found some good though basic information from this source on Japanese-American internment.
Siasoco, Ricco, Shmuel Ross. "Japanese Relocation Centers." infoplease. N.p., n.d. Web. December 2013-March 2014.
This website had some interesting information that a lot of other sources didn't have, such as the apologies and reparations which were made and the similar orders in Canada. I found those sections interesting and useful.
This website had some interesting information that a lot of other sources didn't have, such as the apologies and reparations which were made and the similar orders in Canada. I found those sections interesting and useful.
Stanley, Jerry. I am an American. New York, NY: Random House company, 1994. Print.
I mostly used the first section of this book for information on the history of racism against Japanese-Americans on the West Coast.
I mostly used the first section of this book for information on the history of racism against Japanese-Americans on the West Coast.
ushistory.org. "Japanese-American Internment." U.S. History Online Textbook. Independence Hall Association, 2014. Web. October 2013-March 2014.
I used this website for some general information on the Japanese-American internment.
I used this website for some general information on the Japanese-American internment.
Yu, John C. "The Camps." The Japanese American Internment. N.p., n.d. Web. October 2013-March 2014.
I found a lot of information on both the internment camps in general and just on Topaz from this website. That information was very helpful to me.
I found a lot of information on both the internment camps in general and just on Topaz from this website. That information was very helpful to me.